human body back muscles: and

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Wednesday, March 18, 2015

BRIEF REVIEW AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Open and Closed Circulatory System:

We all know that in all life forms the gases and nutrients are transported to all parts of the body. There is an efficient transport system which carries all the activities of transportation in living beings. In unicellular organisms and small multicellular organisms, diffusion is the key process for transportation. Diffusion is a slow process. As distances are increased, diffusion no longer facilitates the transportation process as many of the cells are not exposed directly to the atmosphere. We need an elaborate and sophisticated transport system. Circulatory system is one of the most sophisticated transport systems in body. In circulatory system, a fluid circulates in body. Haemolymph and blood are the fluids which circulate in invertebrates and vertebrates’ body respectively.

Characteristics of Circulatory System:

A circulatory system is the flow of materials from one part of the body to another part of the body. Following are the characteristics of circulatory system:

A fluid to circulate – blood or haemolymph

A pumping mechanism

Blood vessels in which blood or haemolymph flows

Circulatory system is categorized into two types:

Open circulatory system
Closed circulatory system

Open Circulatory System:

Open circulatory system is considered as primitive circulatory system because it is not capable of upholding blood pressure. In open circulatory system, Haemolymph or blood doesn’t remain enclosed in the tubes or vessels and comes in direct contact with the body cells or tissues. The pumping machine, the heart pumps the haemolymph into the tubes and then the tubes vacant themselves into sinuses. These sinuses are open spaces and haemolymph directly comes in contact with tissues and transport nutrients. After bathing the cells and tissues, haemolymph again goes through the heart for the next circulation. During the bathing of cells, exchange of nutrients takes place*.

*= this system only transports nutrients. Gases are not transported by this system. Gases are transported by the tracheal system.

Closed Circulatory System:

Closed circulatory system is a sophisticated and elaborate system as compared to open circulatory system. In closed circulatory system, blood is restricted in the blood vessels during circulation. There is a unified system of arteries, veins and capillaries. Unlike open circulatory system, closed circulatory system is capable of transporting gases.

Arteries are the specialized tubes which take the blood away from away from the heart and veins are the dedicated vessels which bring back the blood from all parts of the body to heart. The pumping organ i.e. heart pumps the blood. Arteries take the blood from heart and carry it to tissues. For exchange of materials between blood and tissues, arteries divide and subdivide into very tiny and fine branches called capillaries. These one celled thick capillaries exchange nutrients between blood and tissues. The capillaries join and form bigger blood vessels called venules. These venules then form veins, which in the end bring back blood to heart.

The comparison between closed and open circulatory system is shown in following table:

Open Circulatory System	Closed Circulatory System
1. Blood isn’t restricted to blood vessels. Blood is in direct contact with body tissues.	1. Blood is always restricted in blood vessels i.e. arteries, capillaries and veins.
2. There are no characteristic blood vessels. Haemolymph flows in sinuses of hoemocoel.	2. There is a sophisticated and unified system of arteries, capillaries and veins.
3. When blood is in direct contact with tissues, only then exchange of materials takes place.	3. Through capillaries, nutrients and waste materials are exchanged between tissues and blood by means of tissue fluid.
4. System doesn’t support transport of gases.	4. Not only nutrients are transported, gases are also transported.
5. This system cant maintain blood pressure. There is no respiratory pigment dissolved in blood. It is white.	5. This system can maintain Blood Pressure. Haemoglobin, a respiratory pigment is present in blood.

31 Facial nerve subdivisions and functions

Subdivisions and Functions of the Facial Nerve.

Facial Nerve Subdivision Function

Branchial motor Muscles of facial expression
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Stapedius muscle
Visceral motor Salivation—lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual
Nasal mucosa or mucous membrane
General sensory Sensory to auricular concha
External auditory

20 Awesome And Unusual Looking Ties

Pouring Beer Necktie

Keyboard Tie

Space Invaderstie

Eye Chart Tie

Foot Long Hotdog Tie

Binary Code Tie

Crossword Puzzle Black White Necktie

New York Taxi Cab Shaped Tie

Scene Tie

Moons Surface Tie

Bit Tie

Kingofhearts Tie

Zebra Print Tie

Math Equations Silk Tie

Menu Tie

USB Tie

Circuit Board Tie

The circuit board pattern is printed on the fabric, but the lights in this design are fully functional, and flash in a variety of patterns.

Earbuds Tie

Photoshop Tie

Solar Powered Tie

Its an invention of Iowa State University, it has a pouch to hold on your gadget while it gets energized.

Blue Hole in Sea and Oceans

Blue holes are giant and sudden drops in underwater elevation that get their name from the dark and foreboding blue tone they exhibit when viewed from above in relationship to surrounding waters. They can be hundreds of feet deep and while divers are able to explore some of them they are largely devoid of oxygen that would support sea life due to poor water circulation - leaving them eerily empty. Some blue holes, however, contain ancient fossil remains that have been discovered, preserved in their depths.

Tags:
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Pinkalicious and the Pinktastic Zoo Day

Pinkalicious and the Pinkatastic Zoo Day
By: Victoria Kann

About:

Pinkalicious and the Pinkatastic Zoo Day is a 32 page book written for girls who can do some reading by themselves and of course is a Pinkalicious fan.

The book starts off when Pinkalicious is going on an outing to the zoo with her family. After making her first stop looking at the zebras, she decided that they need a hint of color and turned them pink with her Magic Wand. She then went on and changed the lion and hippos all to pink. After questioning her, she then changed her brother Peter pink.

After a nice picnic lunch they went back to enjoying there time at the zoo. That all changed when the monkey came down and took away Henrietta, Pinkalicouss teddy bear. No matter what she tried the monkey was not going to let go of the bear and the zoo was getting ready to close. Saddened, Pinkalicous was forced to leave with her parents.

That night Pinkalicous called Peter over for she had an idea. Together they spend the night sewing a pink stuffed monkey for the real monkey to have. The trade worked and everyone was happy.

Pros:

Easy to read
Problem solving
Fun Animal illustrations

Cons:

As this book end with the way Pinkalicous solved the problem of her missing bear, they could have added a page or two more to further see how she worked out the problem.

Suggestions:

As this book is all about problem solving, after reading it try talking to your child about a problem they might be having. If you have none make on up. For example, you can talk to your child about a situation that might arise like having to work together with a friend. There can be many issues that you child will think of. You can use this as a great way to teach them healthy outcomes.
Draw or print out different zoo animals. Have your child color them in using silly colors. It is a fun way to express themselves. Pinkaliciouss favorite color was pink and now you child has the power to show off what they feel an animal should look like.

Age Range:

5-8
Child learning to read
Child can form more complex words

Bottom Line:

This book is a great book for your more advanced beginner reader. It is all about how Pinkalicous gets into a problem at the zoo and how she solved it.

If your child is having an issue, please feel free to discuss it and tell us how he dealt with it?

*If you are inserted in purchasing Pinkalicious and the Pinkatastic Zoo Day click the book above.